the aristocracy

then, , hard-working, loving. Scripture Wei Wu, Universal Unification. though said Conservative, real open with Yan. Balkhash Lake, the north outside the Mountains, northeast to Sakhalin, with a total area of ​​about 1,300 square kilometers, was the interlock with the world's most vast, the population is the most numerous, the most powerful naval, the two most powerful empire. Kangxi Emperor absorption the Chinese multi-ethnic, multi-country Western culture nourishment. This show such thing for him, the emperor genius to attain excellent reason, cultivate temperament, broaden their horizon and construct together the wisdom and laid the foundation. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing prosperity lay foundation, and build a great situation Kangxi prosperity.

Second, the ethnic relations stability. in the Northeast, beating Russia's attack, self-addressed and consolidated into the Heilongjiang River, Liaohe problems of various ethnic groups , a cloud of the northeast region, the first generation of so-called , has not been entirely resolved. Baba and Gengxu, the two armies to onset the chief of Mongolia, Mongolian Wala Ming Yingzong even become a captive. Mongolia after the rise of the Qing Dynasty accepted a entirely different from the Han nationality both the train of the emperor, but also from gold Jurchen emperor on behalf of the train. has served southern Mongolia Sui, Mobei Khalkha Mongolia, the Mongolian desert Cieux Beirut. Qing Sui Mongolia clothes, on the southern and northern unity. in the southwest, into the estate of military security, strengthening the rule of Tibet. After the Emperor Qianlong, Chuan Miao, Yao and Yi, the Chieftain, to strengthen the nation's treatment of the region, the history of the Qing dynasty in China to achieve a new multi-ethnic harmony.

Chinese civilization heritage has not only been in the Qing Dynasty and continued vitality.

40 years, the Chinese dynasty in history is absolutely a relatively mighty, complicated, Xing situation - East Asia was booming empire. Kangxi Emperor, the internal contradictions of state? Yes potential emergency? there.

mention the second point of view. I coincide, p>

the equilibrium of history, Kangxi Chinese history and world civilization have made a premonitory contribution. Generally speaking, there are five points - the Chinese territory lay, ethnic narrations are stable, inherited the Chinese culture, economic retrieval and development, social order and stability.

First, there is not radical reform of the Eight Banners system. Eight Banners system played a affirmative role while trying to conquer, but to rule the world then? This shows the Qing Dynasty There are serious deficiencies. was merely taking into list the banner of political, economic and social interests arrange secret. effectively in:

know science: a consistent. adhere to the heart and perseverance. Kangxi read can narrate 120 times, and narrate 120 times, until age old, can narrate. his own as well as , also a scholar of the emperor.

Emperor Kangxi of the lack of originality in the Banner system reform and innovation (Banner system he encountered very few people there can not be used to study an of the solution), just to solve some inferior issues. Manchu aristocrats in the Qing government to consolidate the Group after its conservative than provocative, intractable than innovation, comfort greater than hard work, parasitic resistance greater than a living, so this is part of a denial of benefits to the civil population department of the group, refused to reform the conservative group.

Three new academic point of view there are three main points: first, the history of Kangxi is a dingy period of feudal society; second, the history of Kangxi Chinese feudal society, a flourishing period; Third, the Chinese Kangxi feudal society, a glorious sunset.

the lack of Emperor Kangxi, can menu a lot. but brief, the main flaws in the five systems.

Kangxi Prime factors appeared, I focused on the Emperor Kangxi's private factors, principally of Emperor Kangxi Emperor's private qualities. Kangxi personal accomplishment is one important feature is the only, known school.

Autumn death Digital relatively small. Autumn death penalty cases, years of Emperor Kangxi (1673), There are more than eighty December) sixteen years of Emperor Kangxi (1677), Zhongsui the death discipline determination, to note: At that time society, very stable.

in the northeast, to withstand foreign aggression, the conclusion of peace. Heilongjiang zone had yet vested in the Qing Dynasty in Taiji. Qingjunruguan later , Russia invaded the east of Heilongjiang River zone of ​​China. Kangxi reunification with Taiwan, the deployment of two legion Jaxa self-defense war, victory. Kangxi twenty-eight (1689), signed with Russia in the Nerchinsk Nerchinsk Treaty history of China's first equal treaty signed with foreign countries, indicating that the victory of Emperor Kangxi's neutral foreign policy.

Kangxi flourishing there, there are five main reasons: First, a favorable international surroundings, fair in the two Western powers time between the rising tide; Second, adjoining countries, Concord, if the surrounding surroundings is not good, the Qing Dynasty has not been spared; Third, domestic enabling elements, social upheaval in the two periods of relative tranquilize between; Fourth, the Manchu nationalism emerging, Manchuria is a national community rising, energetic population; Fifth, Emperor Kangxi personal achievement.

history of Emperor Kangxi of the evaluation, since modern times, different attitudes.

Second, inherited the emperor is not creating blueprinted. Qing Dynasty inherited the throne, did not take the Ming Dynasty, push the system. Emperor of the Prince home world, to absorb the Western no improvement. Kangxi Emperor in Chinese history to know both the Western technological culture, but also skilled in orthodox Chinese culture of the feudal majesty. He studied Western astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, on the melodious, medication, anatomy, science and other surveying and charting, but also support the establishment Mongolia, fasting, and the West as deeds of state.

three evaluation

in the southeast, reunification with Taiwan, Ca Mau unification. seized the four years (1624) the Dutch occupation of Taiwan. Shunzhi eighteen years (1661) December 13, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan from Dutch hands. Zheng died, his son Zheng Jing Feng South Ming Zheng Shuo (ie, admission of the orthodox location of the Southern Ming). Kangxi two years (1683), Zheng Jing seized after the necrosis of Emperor Kangxi, and his son Zheng Ke shuang youth, subordinate strife, political instability and the timing, led his army uniform in Taiwan . so as to improve the jurisdiction of the Central Taiwan and enhance Taiwan's economic and cultural development.

Fourth, economic recovery and development. Qingjunruguan, the largest maladministration, than to occupy the land. ran Mazhan Tian, ​​arbitrary circle wins. Kangxi ordered to stop ring land reclamation preoccupy, consideration to harvesting unions, to resume production. governance of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, the Canal, the Yongding River, and mansion water conservancy projects, amplify new rice varieties, made great achievements. Kangxi accentuate dividends, S & P total land tax-free world 545 times, including three common land tax-free country, namely, Bank of 150002000.

flag people conflicts This was the basic social contradiction, but also the tie of the Qing Dynasty. To the Eight Banners system reform, the fundamental point is mow off part of the banner interests, in particular the interests of Manchu nobility, and give to the people human. Sun Yat-sen Alliance Programme , the restoration of China morsel time is short, is not resolved, could not solve. Kangxi different, he reigned for a long time, politically mature, prestige is also high, conditions may also be improved or to be addressed. but he did not. From kinds of sense, the Kangxi Emperor was a statesman, not a reformer. Later, a short time the reign of Emperor Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor lack of courage, did not solve the road problem. Later on, internal and outer conflicts cluster, losing the opportunity to solve.

from the Kangxi II Decade (1681) to the sixty year (1722), the Central Plains 41 years, no important fighting the battle, no great social upheaval, there is no great social crisis. dynasties in the history of two thousand years in China, unified dynasty emperor more than 40 years of reign, the Han Emperor Wu (Han-day change), Emperor (Shih), the Ming emperors (Gengxu of the change), Ming Shenzong (Sal Hu World War II), ching Patriarch and Gaozong (Wang Lun uprising) six, and the Central Plains for 40 continuous years of no war, only the Kangxi dynasty.

Emperor Kangxi's life, history, how to evaluate? self-evaluation of Emperor Kangxi his later years, said: Thirteen clutch pointers, with the doors of Rong things, are the prerogative is. However, one person his life Wangsha a bad mind, put down San Francisco, cleared Mobei, all bent out of logistics. the Ministry of public funds in gold, non-use division HUNGER, but dare not jump costs, that it is also euphemistically Wang grease. All Hunting castle, and have no mining multicolored, each premises costs, but a twenty remittance fares than three hundred million-year-old creek, fewer than one per cent. Young age reading, the knowledge of brandy and women can be a warning, should anti-villain, so to the old one piece. also, no very. Zuo Jian age 8, fifty-seven years as yet, from Chen Fu Rui should be allowed to hide, ... ... However, regular annual use, with solid lines only real government. e)

begin with the first view, define the Kangxi Dili, during which more than 300 monarchs, tin no be generalized, no without inquiry. historic . glorious sunrise and sunset glories, above the moonset, as it is essential to inspect the sun rises alternatively monthly rise, sunset alternatively moonset; more time to observe the sun rose, was covered by smokes, or light the world. This story discusses two views exist in academia .

First, lay the territory of China. We open the map of China and East Asia map,beijing escort, see at the then Territory of Qing:

Fifth, there is no fundamental cultural inconsistencies coordination. Manchu Emperor Kangxi in order to determination the conflict between the mores, many measures taken to do a lot of things. weakening the power of administration Wangda Chen , was to weaken the power of a Manchu noble weigh. Kangxi had two cases of literary inquisition, because the national question into the sky. Qing eventually in the national issues, in particular groups of specialized Banners, Banners Asatsuna aristocratic control of the problem, not simply solution.

Fourth, the see no long-term population development. Kangxi of the population, with social stability and economic development began to grow rapidly. Kangxi year (1712) provides: Prime breeding spawned, never Additional Taxes. Qianlong reached three hundred million, to Daoguang seventeen years (1837), the country's population of 4 million people. population outbreak, the solution is to reward a reclamation, and reclamation and dispose of a massive number of ecological balance. A major policy-making , to consider the long-term consequences.

He is the great male should preoccupy the status of history, no wonder when the Qing court in the Western missionaries, but also praised him as . Millennium is also the name of monarch in world history. He was in Russia with Peter the Great, Louis XIV of France, with out the world's greatest monarch. but he also has another side, as nearly all his mature son had MG leather, or confinement before; to have ministers !

five defects

nearly 3 hundred years of the Qing Dynasty, sadly lagging back in the race, while the U.S. and Europe deserving to scientific innovation and the rise of the industrial revolution and Zoran, and ultimately changing the global pattern. Overall, the Emperor Kangxi meritorious However, there are on the bad, there are failings achieved.

Kangxi Emperor Quartet, voyaging several times. He three East Tour, six times a trip to the south, 5 West Tour, three times the North sign, too 48 to Mulan Hunting autumn, 53 to the Mountain Resort. Just think: If social turmoil, Emperor Quartet parade, which is impossible.

Eleven annuals from the Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhachi revolted flames of warfare, to two years of Emperor Kangxi (1683), the final symbol of the Southern Ming - Koxinga Taiwan Zhengke shuang go clear, time span, a full hundred years. the centuries, thrones and people, officials and people, the aristocracy, landowners and planters, landlords and artisans, the gentry and merchants, their ache, suffering, war, starvation, the most absence? national unity, Prosperous, cultural integration, truce and harmony. Kangxi is gainful to both worldwide and domestic conditions and the history of the challenges facing centenary navigating towards the prosperity of the situation of Kangxi, leaving the history of musing prosperity.

In short, the Emperor Kangxi of these qualities, not Yibaoshihan, neither tasted, but Li order to assist the four seas, a world of this mind. / p>

millennia Emperor

Third,curse dead, the Chinese culture inherited . Qing emperors to quell intellectuals, suppression of heresy, against political opponents, the implementation of literary inquisition. It should be criticized. In culture, the Kangxi Emperor there are a few things: First, Xingwen accent on schooling, compiling books. He spliced magnitude to culture and education, presided over Compiling the million volumes. Second, the shift-day decrement, the construction of gardens. Kangxi Emperor has built Chang Chun, the Summer Resort, Hunting, etc., Yongzheng and Qianlong and Daxing Ming Yuan, Qing Yi Park Longevity Hill (later renamed the Summer Palace) and the Summer Palace, etc., will push the pinnacle of Chinese classic garden masterpiece. Third, the introduction of Western studying, knowledge science and technology.

Third, in the society, flag people conflicts problems. Bannerman and the people, the Manchu majesty and Han civilians, sub-city alive, same offense differ discipline, with discipline of alter means, privileged, and finally change the world.

Spirit Treasures

in the north, Toronto to the association, agreeable governance and Mongolia. Nurhachi and Taiji resolved Monan Mongolia issues are beyond addressed Mobei Mongol Emperor Kangxi, the initial problem to solve the archaic abandon Simon. from the Han to the Ming Dynasty, the Huns of Mongolia in the history of two thousand years of ancient northern problem, to be considered when Emperor Kangxi was a real solution. Kangxi Emperor said: >

in the northwest, three foreign crusades, lost Galdan. Kangxi thrice foreign crusades to curb the forces of the East Galdan committed, not only Mobei Khalkha stable situation, but also the social stability in Inner Mongolia Monan more conducive to Central China's social stability.

contradiction there, ethnic conflicts have, but nobody major, serious social unrest. Kangxi was lucky, after 40 years of his life, the Chinese community in the chaos to the rule, by moving to a calm phase of history. The incipient social conflict has been unlocked, new social conflicts have not scale up. Kangxi's social stability, and I give three examples:

Second, in the economic, Banners livelihoods. Banners group living down by the state package, banner and make a living machinery of the lack of entrepreneurship, thereby eroding the Banners group.

founding the Qing Dynasty ), their founding, in the Central Plains, the chart of the system, there are serious deficiencies. Kangxi reign a long time, the lofty prestige of imperial power, he should, it may make a major reform of its shortcomings. But there is no Kangxi encountered their own problems to make a entire new understanding of the linkages between them to see, the totality of reflection and response. last Qing dynasty was the result of the following new issues are intertwined.

understand King: a persistent. Kangxi namely marquis virtue is apt understand esteem. know thatKing is apt Respect, respect, the respect of people, Keiji, King himself, have awe. the status of the supreme emperor, power premier, how to penalty themselves? for the emperor's He said: )

know jen: a consistent. know thatJen is the emphasis on adore. He said: not idle, not perpendicular like the system, not a quite merry festival, cherish not elegance, Shoufen not unlawful. his subjects as broad and, kind: : from the melody also! I Mindful of this, constant self-contentment. notwithstanding priceless for the emperor, and clothes but aptamer; rich seas, and normal meals a day, in addition to award, but never used Yaozhuan and savor, this non-whom I merely indeed by the nature of nature, Thou shalt look I so Kim Tak, which encourage each other to. the appellation, are absolutely Kangxi speech. Emperor Kangxi of the Wenzhiwugong, the conspicuous talent in the Chinese emperors is rare indeed. Kangxi consistently refused to something else's praise, praise, it is commendable.

Fifth, the social order and stability. I said, Kangxi social stability, mainly refers to two years of Emperor Kangxi ( 1683) after the reunification of Taiwan, although the community

First, in politics, Manchu noble privileges. such as the power of decision-making core of the . such as the scholar, sixteen years of Emperor Kangxi (1677) to twenty seven (1688), Manchu scholar Basil Dehong, in adding to nap outside, always of Manchuria are yellow. Kangxi Dynasty scholar 48 people, including 22 in Manchuria people, Han 4, 22 Han Chinese, Manchu, 55%, 45% Han Chinese. Kangxi 12 River Governor, accounting as 10 banner.

in the southwest, into the infantry, highland, and stability in Tibet. Qing Dynasty,toronto escort, Emperor Shun Zhi canonization of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, Tibet has been entirely vested in the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi Emperor, and sent troops to put down Mongolia, Tibet, western perturbation forces committed to maintain social stability in Tibet.